英语时态与Modality大纲

2022-10-09 / modified at 2025-07-13 / 1.4k words / 6 mins

本文供已经有一定水平，但是需要完整复习实验的读者使用，并提供了优先级规划。

阅读前

能口语使用常见用法并练习–约为B2
能进行各种概述对比并使用准确，以及would/will的常见特例-约为B2
能区分will/would，must/have to等相似句子的区别-约为C1，但是老师明确强调了没必要达到这种水平，个人感觉类似日语的敬语体系。英文中称为“hedging”，属于高语境对话。

注意动词的form均仅指变形。

“Past tense form”不涉及时态。类似日语的"ta-form"和过去时的区别。
"Present Participle from"同样不涉及 gerund(as nonu) 与 Participle(as adj/verb) 的相关内容，这些属于B2的另外语法，在时态之后。

We often use the past forms to be more polite or formal, or less direct.

Based on the context

注意：此处为甩锅或者Academic writhing中使用，是委婉（cautious language）且高阶的知识点，Business Level不需要掌握。参考

按照剑桥教材的CEFR难度分类如下

以下均有规划计划的含义，但是具体区别需要练习写作等语境，难以通过Excel表格来区分

do: 固定的timetable/general possibility.
- Your flight leaves from gate 15A.
- Winters here can be really cold sometimes
be doing : 可能有歧义，一般要加具体的时间
- I’m flying to Shanghai this weekend. (暗示可能已经预定了机票)
will:
- The flight will be delayed until further notice. (航班起飞需要等待通知)
will be doing: 未来具体计划；较书面语
- The flight will now be leaving from Gate 26.
- Will you be attending the seminar?
be going to do: 非正式，可能有歧义
- I’m going to fly to Shanghai this weekend

有歧义的

过去时态混用例句

仍然需要整理归纳，难以统一

写小说故事: 过去时为主，可能有Historical Present Tense来表示更生动，但是当前水平只能读不能写。
科技写作：详见《英语科技写作》
Dead people: The president has died, he died on Thursday.
I thought it over, and I don’t think I am going to apply for it because the position doesn’t pay as much as I had thought.
The instructor explains the diagram to students who ask questions during the lecture.
Due to the poor economy, most of the employees will put off taking a summer vacation until the domestic economy has improved.

聚合的段时间(duration): for/since，有开始与结束，一般用完成时态
- how long
- For/since
点时间(point): 但是点的颗粒度可能取决于语境
- when/did you
关于for与since的使用限制
- For can be used with all tenses.
- Since is normally used with perfect tenses.